Comprehensive and simplified tool for evaluating the energy performance of low-rise single houses in Malaysia.

A fundamental role in influencing thermal gains, indoor comfort, and cooling demand in Malaysia’s hot-humid climate. Envelope characteristics such as roof, walls, glazing, window-to-wall ratio, and orientation directly determine heat transfer and long-term energy behaviour

Reflecting the growing contribution of plug loads and installed systems—including air-conditioning, water heating, and fans—to overall household energy consumption.

Electric lighting evaluates installed lighting efficiency through Lighting Power Density (LPD), while Daylighting and Natural Ventilation assess passive design strategies that reduce dependence on mechanical cooling and artificial lighting